Draw the block diagram of conical scan radar and sequential lobing tracking radar and its operation
Certainly! Let's create block diagrams and explain the operation of both conical scan radar and sequential lobing tracking radar.
### Block Diagram of Conical Scan Radar and Sequential Lobing Tracking Radar
#### Conical Scan Radar:
```plaintext
_______________________
| |
| Transmitter |
|_______________________|
|
|
v
___________________________
| |
| Duplexer |
|___________________________|
|
|
v
______________________________________
| |
| Antenna with Conical Scan Feed |
|______________________________________|
|
|
v
_______________________________________
| |
| Received Signal Processor |
|_______________________________________|
|
|
v
_______________________________________
| |
| Angle Measurement System |
|_______________________________________|
|
|
v
________________________________________
| |
| Tracking Control System |
|________________________________________|
```
#### Operation of Conical Scan Radar:
1. **Transmitter**: Generates and sends out radar signals.
2. **Duplexer**: Allows the same antenna to be used for both transmission and reception.
3. **Antenna with Conical Scan Feed**: The antenna beam is mechanically or electronically scanned in a conical pattern, covering a specific area.
4. **Received Signal Processor**: Processes the signals received by the antenna, preparing them for angle measurement.
5. **Angle Measurement System**: Determines the direction (azimuth and sometimes elevation) from which the radar echoes are received.
6. **Tracking Control System**: Uses the angle measurements to track the target, continuously adjusting the antenna position to keep the target within the radar beam.
#### Sequential Lobing Tracking Radar:
```plaintext
_______________________
| |
| Transmitter |
|_______________________|
|
|
v
___________________________
| |
| Duplexer |
|___________________________|
|
|
v
______________________________________
| |
| Antenna with Sequential Lobing Feed|
|______________________________________|
|
|
v
_______________________________________
| |
| Received Signal Processor |
|_______________________________________|
|
|
v
_______________________________________
| |
| Angle Measurement System |
|_______________________________________|
|
|
v
________________________________________
| |
| Tracking Control System |
|________________________________________|
```
#### Operation of Sequential Lobing Tracking Radar:
1. **Transmitter**: Emits radar signals towards the target.
2. **Duplexer**: Allows the antenna to transmit and receive signals alternately.
3. **Antenna with Sequential Lobing Feed**: The antenna has multiple feed horns or elements that are switched sequentially to create multiple lobes.
4. **Received Signal Processor**: Processes the received signals.
5. **Angle Measurement System**: Determines the angle of arrival of the signals.
6. **Tracking Control System**: Tracks the target by comparing the signal strengths received by the lobes, adjusting the antenna position to maintain tracking.
### Operation Explanation:
- **Conical Scan Radar**: Uses a rotating antenna to scan in a conical pattern. It continuously scans the surrounding space, detecting targets within its field of view. The received signals are processed to determine the direction of the target, and a tracking system adjusts the antenna to keep the target within the radar beam.
- **Sequential Lobing Tracking Radar**: Uses sequential lobing to create multiple beams or lobes. By comparing the signal strengths received from different lobes, the radar can determine the direction of the target more accurately than with a single lobe. The tracking system adjusts the antenna position based on these measurements to maintain tracking of the target.
Both radar types are used in applications where accurate tracking of moving targets is essential, such as military surveillance, air traffic control, and missile guidance systems. They differ in their scanning and tracking methods but share the goal of detecting and tracking targets effectively within their operational range.
